When it comes to giving furniture a fresh, stylish look or restoring a beloved piece, upholstery fabric plays a central role. It’s not just about looks—your choice of fabric affects comfort, durability, and maintenance too. Whether you’re a seasoned DIYer, a budding interior designer, or just someone looking to reupholster a favorite chair, understanding the basics of upholstery fabrics is essential. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the key elements of upholstery fabric and what to consider before heading to your local upholstery supply store.
What Is Upholstery Fabric?
Upholstery fabric is the textile used to cover furniture such as sofas, chairs, ottomans, and headboards. It must be durable enough to withstand regular use while maintaining its appearance over time.
Unlike curtain or garment fabrics, upholstery materials are generally thicker, stronger, and more tightly woven. They are engineered for long-term performance and comfort.
There are two main types of upholstery fabric: natural fibers and synthetic fibers, each with its own pros and cons.
Natural Upholstery Fabrics
1. Cotton
Cotton is a soft, breathable fabric that’s affordable and easy to dye. It’s perfect for casual furniture but may not be the most stain-resistant. Blended cotton fabrics are often used in upholstery to improve durability.
2. Linen
Linen offers a crisp, elegant appearance that’s great for formal spaces. It’s smooth and cool to the touch but can wrinkle easily and requires professional cleaning to maintain.
3. Wool
Wool is naturally resistant to pilling and soiling, making it an excellent choice for high-traffic furniture. However, it can be pricey and may need to be blended with synthetic fibers for easier care.
4. Leather
Though technically not a fabric, leather is a popular natural upholstery material known for its luxurious feel and longevity. It’s easy to clean and ages well, developing a beautiful patina over time.
Synthetic Upholstery Fabrics
1. Polyester
Polyester is a durable, budget-friendly fabric that resists fading and wrinkling. It’s commonly blended with natural fibers to improve stain resistance and longevity.
2. Nylon
Often blended with other fabrics, nylon is strong and abrasion-resistant. It’s ideal for households with kids or pets because of its resistance to wear and tear.
3. Acrylic
Designed to mimic wool, acrylic is lightweight and resists fading. However, cheaper acrylics may pill over time.
4. Olefin (Polypropylene)
Olefin is a popular choice for outdoor furniture due to its resistance to moisture and mildew. It’s also used in indoor settings where stain resistance is a top priority.
Important Factors to Consider
When browsing your upholstery supply options, there are a few key characteristics to keep in mind:
1. Durability
Look for fabrics that can stand up to your furniture’s usage level. For instance, a reading chair used occasionally can handle more delicate fabric, while a family room sofa needs something heavy-duty. Upholstery supply stores often list the “double rub count” — a measure of fabric durability. Aim for 15,000 double rubs or more for heavy-use furniture.
2. Cleanability
Always check the cleaning code of the fabric. Some materials require professional cleaning, while others can be spot-cleaned at home. In homes with pets or children, stain-resistant fabrics like microfiber or treated cotton blends are a practical choice.
3. Style and Texture
The feel of the fabric affects the overall comfort of the furniture. Velvet offers a plush, cozy feel, while linen feels light and crisp. Texture also plays a visual role—smooth fabrics look modern and sleek, while nubby weaves offer a casual, rustic charm.
4. Color and Pattern
Light colors can make a room feel airy but are more prone to staining. Darker shades or patterned fabrics help hide dirt and wear. Always request a swatch from your upholstery supply source to see how the fabric looks in your lighting before making a decision.
Shopping at an Upholstery Supply Store
When you’re ready to shop, visiting a dedicated upholstery supply store can make a big difference. These shops often carry a wider selection of high-quality fabrics than general fabric stores. They can also provide guidance on:
- The right fabric type for your specific project
- Fabric yardage estimates
- Special finishes, such as stain guards or UV protection
- Tools and accessories like foam, webbing, and tack strips
Online upholstery supply retailers are also a great option if you prefer to browse from home. Many offer sample swatches, which allow you to touch and see the fabric before committing.
Upholstery fabric is more than just a decorative covering—it’s a key factor in how your furniture looks, feels, and performs over time. Understanding the basics of material types, durability, maintenance, and style will help you make confident, informed choices.
Whether you’re reupholstering a thrift store find or customizing a new piece, choosing the right upholstery fabric starts with finding a trustworthy upholstery supply. With the right fabric and a bit of planning, you can transform any piece of furniture into something truly special.